Why reservoirs differ from natural lakes
Reservoirs are embedded in managed river networks. Their water levels, residence times, withdrawal depths and downstream releases can change rapidly through decisions.
Why thermal stratification matters
Layering controls temperature, oxygen, nutrient availability and the quality of water released downstream.
How operation affects fish habitat
Water-level change and releases alter littoral habitat, refuge zones, spawning grounds, migration routes and connectivity.
Reservoir operation and carbon
Flow paths, residence time, oxygen and sediment exchange influence carbon processing and greenhouse-gas pathways.